Died (Emerson, Jane)

Buried (Emerson, Jane)

Emerson, Jane (1814 - 1819)

Peterloo Massacre at Manchester ? a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester ? demand Parliamentary Reform ? mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others

SS 'Savannah' first steamship to cross Atlantic reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 Days mostly under sail)

Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular

Britain returns to gold standard

Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles

'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length

Manchester cotton spinners' strike

March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended

Constable painted 'Flatford Mill'

Income tax abolished

For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value ? the first official 'token' coinage

Climate: the 'year without a summer' ? followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain 'Tambora in Indonesia the previous year the biggest volcanic explosion in 10000 years

Large scale emigration to North America

Trans-Atlantic packet service begins

The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena

Trial by Jury established in Scotland

Davy develops the safety lamp for miners

Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US

'The Times' first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1100 sheets per hour)

The British burn the White House

Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch

Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba

Invasion of France by Allies

Ireland: First recorded '12th of July' sectarian riots in Belfast

Jane Austen wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'

Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses

Start of American 'War of 1812' (to 1814) against England and Canada

Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated ? shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged

Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane

John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of road metalling

Royal Opera House opens in London

Birth of Charles Darwin

Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna

'Hot Wednesday' ? temperature of 101?F in the shade recorded in London

Gas lighting in London streets

Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 ? but does not prohibit colonial slavery

Nelson buried in St Paul's cathedral, London

Dartmoor Prison opened (built by French prisoners)

Battle of Austerlitz; Napoleon defeats Austrians and Russians

Admiral Nelson's victory at Trafalgar

London docks opened

Spain declares war on Britain

Napoleon declares himself Emperor of the French

John Wedgwood (eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood) founds The Royal Horticultural Society

Richard Trevithick runs his railway engine on the Penydarren Railway (9.5 miles from Pen-y-Darren to Abercynon in South Wales) this hauled a train with 10 tons of iron and 70 passengers. It was commemorated by the Royal Mint in 2004 in the form of A ?2 coin.

Matthew Flinders recommends that the newly discovered country, New Holland, be renamed 'Australia'

First public railway opens (Surrey Iron Railway, 9 miles from Wandsworth to Croydon, horse-drawn)

Peace of Amiens ends ? resumption of war with France ? The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)

Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon sells French possessions in America to United States

Poaching made a Capital offense in England if capture resisted

Richard Trevithick built another steam carriage and ran it in London as the first self-propelled vehicle in the capital and the first London bus

Semaphore signaling perfected by Admiral Popham

Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands ? the 'Peace of Amiens' as it was known brought a temporary peace of 14 months during the Napoleonic Wars ? one of its most important cultural effects was that travel and correspondence across the English Channel became possible again

Richard Trevithick built the first self-propelled passenger carrying road loco

First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000. Population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)

Grand Union Canal opens in England

Elgin Marbles brought from Athens to London

Union Jack becomes the official British flag

Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland

Electric light first produced by Sir Humphrey Davy

Use of high pressure steam pioneered by Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)

Royal College of Surgeons founded

Herschel discovers infra-red light

Volta makes first electrical battery

?Rosetta Stone' discovered in Egypt made possible the deciphering (in 1822) of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics

'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations

Pitt brings in 10% income tax, as a wartime financial measure

Foundation of Royal Military College Sandhurst by the Duke of York

Foundation of the Royal Institution of Great Britain

Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)

The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished (Feb-Oct)

First planned human experiment with vaccination, to test theories of Edward Jenner

England in Crisis, Bank of England suspends cash payments

Mutinies in the British Navy at Spithead and Nore

Tax on newspapers (including cheap, topical journals) increased to repress radical publications

The first copper pennies were produced ('cartwheels') by application of steam power to the coining press